check this links for english

http://www.yourdictionary.com/grammar-rules/affect-effect-grammar.html
http://www.answers.com/
http://www.filekeeper.org/download/shared/Rinnovar_Eng.pps

CHECK THIS SITES FOR ENGLISH

CHECK THIS SITES FOR ENGLISH

http://www.answers.com/

http://www.synonym.com/

http://www.synonyms.net

http://www.synonym.com/antonym/

check this links for english

check this links for english

http://www.verbalsuccess.com/email_course/

Free vocabulary course

http://encarta.englishtown.com/Sp/po...ab&etag=E01624

Ten tips to build English vocabulary

http://vocabulary-vocabulary.com/

Take break

This is Ultimate...... I bet u can't stop laughing. These are profiles taken from shaadi.com these are actual ads on a matrimony site. Grammar and spelling errors have no place in a profile description as everything is straight from the heart. Comments are in Blue fonts.

Disclaimer: I am not responsible if you forget your basic grammar after reading this mail....

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Hello To Viewers My Name is Sowmya , I am single i dont have male,If
any one whant to marrie to me u can visite to my home. I am not a good
education but i working all field in bangalore .. if u like me u
welcome to my heart... when ever u whant to meet pls visit my resident
or send u letter..
Thanks
yours Regards Sowmya ~*~
(Truly yours)
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
i want very simple boy. from brahmin educated family from Orissa state
she is also know about RAMAYAN, GEETA BHAGABATA, and other homework

What Homework???

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
I am a happy-go-lucky kind of person. Enjoys every moments of life. I
love to make friendship. Becauese friendship is a first step of love.
I am looking for my dreamboy who will love me more than i. Because i
love myself a lot. If u think that is u then why to late come on
........hold my hand forever !!!

(The dilwale dulhaniya effect)
i am simple girl. I have lot of problem in my life because of my
luck. now i am looking one boy he care me and love me lot lot lot

(I don't know why but this is one of my favorites)

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
i want a boy with no drinks if he wants he can wear jeans in house but
while steping out of house he should give recpect to our cast

(by not wearing his jeans? What the hell...)
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

HYE I AM A GOOD LOKING GIRL,WHO HAS THE CAPABILITY TO MAKE ANY BODY TO
LOUGH.I BELIEVE IN GOD AND ACCORDING TO ME FRIENDS ARE THE REAL
MESSENGER OF GOD. THE 3 THINGS I AM LOOKING FROM A BOY
THEY ARE
1. THEY MUST BELIEVE IN GOD.
2. THEY HAVE TO LIKE MY PROFFESION
3. THEY SHOULD NOT GET BORED WITH ME WHEN I WILL TRY TO MAKE THEM LOUGH.

(all of us are loughing {laughing})
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
whatever he may be but he should feel that he is going to be someone
groom and he must think of the future life if he is toolike this he
would be called the man of the lamp

(I am clueless, I feel so lost. Can anyone tell me what this girl wants)
Infact she doesn't know wat she wants ?.. ? A LAMP ? ?
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

i love my patner i marriage the patner ok i search my patner and I
love the patner ok thik hai the patner has a graduate ok

(I am again clueless but I liked the use of 'ok'. The person is
Suffering from 'Ok-syndrome')

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

iam pranati my family histoy my two brother two sister and father &
Mother. sister completely married

(somebody please explain how to get marriedcompletely'?)
( Confused ????? )

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
my name is farhanbegum and i am unmarried. pleaes you marrige me
pleaes pleaes pleaes pleaes pleaes pleaes pleaes

Height of desperation!
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
iam kanandevi. i do own businas.one sistar.he was marred.

(No comments)
(Plz for gods sake ask somebody's help in framing sentence )
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

hello i am a good charactarised woman. i want to run my life happily.
i divorced my first husband. his charactor is not good'. i expect the
good minded and clean habits boy who may be in the same caste or other
caste accepted ....

(but credit cards not accepted..???)
(Perhaps Debit Cards accepted ?.. Clean Habit's??????? Is there
anything like that.)
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
I am Sharmila my colour is black, but my heart is white. i like social
service.

Zebra..???)
(Gosh!!!!!!!! she knows her heart color

India Yesterday, Today & Tomorrow:

India Yesterday, Today & Tomorrow:


One of the Best mails I have received.......


· India did not qualify for hockey (our national game) in Beijing Olympics ---- Still our government doesn't really care, actually nobody cares. No funds available for our national gameL.

· SRK made movies like Chak De India, to promote Hockey…….same song is used everywhere to promote cricket.

· Times of India publishes an American winning gold in Olympics……the same paper publishes India winning hockey in the last page.

· Cricket is our religion ------ Today everyone has lost interest in this religion.

· Everywhere it's raining…..its floods….. Mumbai faces this every year…..every year people die……still it's the same every year…..and Mumbai is back to its normal life within hours…. Life has lost its value.

· Bomb blast has become very common --- No one cares except for the families who have lost their loved ones.

· My friend got 98 percentile in CAT….. Still did not get any calls from IIMs. Other friend got 93 percentile still got qualified for IIM, as cast/religion really matters.

· Very few people have made India proud in sports (& these few were talented ones) ---- blame parents and government… as there is no encouragement.

· Parents want their child to be engineer or a doctor……. Every child wants to become an engineer or a doctor and work in America.

· A son tells his dad … "you don't have any influence in this society; you don't have sufficient money to bribe..... I am 16 yrs old and still I don't have a license to drive a car"

· 10th standard students in Hyderabad celebrates their send-off party in a FTV PUB. Actress illayana joins them. What a way to send off 16 yrs kidsJ.

· College students say they are in love………..for everyone in college, love is coffee day, barista, pub L. Do they know what love is?

· I see many IT companies have august 15th as working day – state government has given them all permissions --- after all it's a matter of bribing the state government.

· There are many people working in IT companies even if it's a holiday, who are working on august 15th so that they meet the deadlines of some US company.

· Vodaphone, Airtel, Reliance…….all bribe Cabinet minister who is in charge of telecom dept…..so that BSNL will not launch any offers.

· Media is totally into gossips…….mainly bollywood stories……..and political stories.

· I asked a small guy playing on the road…..who is president of INDIA? He replied back "hmmmmmm". Then my next question was…..who is president of AMERICA? He replied back " Bush" !!!! – amazing !!

· Sonia Gandhi visited china to represent 'Head of our country'. Is she really head of our country or head of a political party?? I like the way china treated her.

· College crowd is worried about girl frnds…………. IT ppl interested about onsite opportunities………..political ppl interested in money and vote bank……. Who is interested in our country?

· Supreme court judge says " Even god cannot save our coutry"

· Then who will save our country? APJ Abdul Kalam says "WE individuals" are the ones to change our country. Is it possible? Are people really interested? Even if one wants to change can u change the system? Will India be a developed country by 2020???

· I don't have any answer for all the question……Even I am searching for the answers. All I want to say is…… "IS INDIA GOING IN RIGHT DIRECTION"?

· In spite of all this……still there is hope…..sill there are thousands of +ve things that this country is carrying " HUM HOONGE KAAMIYAAB EK DIN".

Why Lehman Bros went bust; what it means for you

Why Lehman Bros went bust; what it means for you


Lehman Brothers is not more. Merrill Lynch has gown down the Bank of America maw. AIG too could go belly up. With a doubt, these developments in America are the most shocking events to have hit global financial markets. So where did it all begin? And what does it mean for the Indian stock markets? Find out. . .
What is (or was) Lehman Brothers?
America's fourth-largest investment bank Lehman Brothers Holdings Inc has filed the biggest bankruptcy petition known to mankind.
The 158-year-old firm was founded by brothers Henry, Emanuel and Mayer Lehman, Jewish immigrants to the US from Germany, in 1850. Henry set up a general store in Alabama in 1844 and was later joined by his brothers. In 1850 they set up the merchant bank in New York after having made money in railway bonds. So what went wrong?

Lehman Bros, which till June 2008 had not reported a quarterly loss even once, had earlier survived many an economic crises, like railroad bankruptcies of the 1800s, the Great Depression in the 1930s, and the collapse of Long-Term Capital Management in the 1990s.

Thus the collapse of the giant investment bank came as a major shock for the entire world markets that plunged after Lehman filed a Chapter 11 petition with US Bankruptcy Court in Manhattan.

The $613 billion (some estimates put the size at $639 billion) bankruptcy thus throws up the question: why did the Wall Street giant go bust? Here's why. . .

Why did Lehman Brothers go bankrupt?

The giant investment bank succumbed to the sub-prime mortgage crisis that has rocked the United States and the global economy. Lehman was strangled by a massive credit crisis and fast plummeting real estate prices.

The gargantuan $60 billion loss in bad real estate loans forced the bank to file for bankruptcy.

However, the fall of the 158-year-year institution that started cotton trade in US before the American Civil War and financed the railroad that built a nation, got hit by a large dose of bad luck, pride, arrogance and greed. Primarily, the pride of its chief executive office Richard Fuld.

But there were more reason. Check out what they were.

Lehman's collapse was also triggered by the refusal of other banks to do business with it because of its complex and, at times, opaque ways of trading. Housing loans made by the bank to people with little support made these loans very risky, and when interest rates rose, these borrowers could no more repay Lehman. This led to huge losses, the extent of which is not yet clear.

Thus other banks stopped trading with Lehman. This led to it losing almost all business and triggered its fall.

The final straw for Lehman was the fact that both Barclays Plc of the United Kingdom and Bank of America Corp pulled out of takeover talks. BofA bought out Merrill Lynch for $50 billion.

However, Barclays has now said that it is in discussions with Lehman Brothers about buying certain assets of the stricken US investment bank.

"Barclays confirms that it is discussing with Lehman Brothers the possible acquisition of certain Lehman Brothers assets on terms that would be attractive to Barclay's shareholders," Britain's third largest bank said in a statement.

When other banks do not want to buy Lehman, why is Barclays interested?

Barclays wanted to buy Lehman out at a discount, so to speak. But when Lehman CEO Fuld decided that his bank was worth much more than what Barclays had apparently offered, Barclays stepped back.

Now that Lehman has filed for bankruptcy, its assets are available fairly cheap. However, the biggest problem is to take on Lehman's enormous liabilities.

How far is the CEO of the company responsible for Lehman's fall?

Wall Street analysts believe that it was the 'hubris' of Richard Fuld, the 62-year-old CEO of Lehman, who did not take the telltale signs of impending doom very seriously. Fuld, nicknamed The Gorilla for his foul temper, intimidating presence and tough talk, rejected many bids to save Lehman because he thought that the sinking giant was much bigger than Wall Street was giving it credit for, and wanted to get more price for the sale of the company.

Analysts say if the bank was sold just a week before it went kaput, it could have been saved the ignominy of a bankruptcy, but Fuld was far too adamant to see reason. Result: the end of a 158-year-old financial giant.

Could the United States government helped, like it helped Bear Stearns in May this year, and Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac earlier this month?

The US government could have helped, but US Treasury Secretary Henry Paulson said that it would not use up any more taxpayer dollars to bail out Lehman Brothers as it would lead to investment banks getting away with their gambling ways. Paulson had bailed out Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac and Bear Stearns, saying that if the government had not done so, the US housing loan market would have collapsed leading to gigantic losses for hundreds of banks all over the globe that have invested in US property.

Paulson, however, believes that a brokerage major like Lehman, which does not have a direct connection with ordinary people who have taken on home loans, need not be bailed out as it would not cause any systemic damage to the US economy

Will everyone in Lehman lose their jobs?

The bankruptcy administrators, PricewaterhouseCoopers, feels that as Lehman's operations were essentially centralized at New York, the folding up of the investment banker in the US will have a telling impact on all its operations globally.

Over 5,000 employees in the UK have already lost their jobs, while about 20,000 in the US might as well forget going back to their work stations. About 2,500 Lehman employees in India too face the axe.

Will the whole bank be liquidated?

Unlikely, at least for now. The US Chapter 11 that deals with bankruptcy says that PwC, the administrators, can go about taking its time to find good offers and buyers for Lehman's 'least affected businesses.'

The entire exercise can take months before all of Lehman's assets are sold, given the complexities linked to the bankruptcy.

What about the Bank of America and Merrill Lynch deal?

Merrill Lynch's buy out by Bank of America is also a shocking development. ML, saw the writing on the wall once it guessed that Lehman was going bust, and decided to sell out before it actually has to file a bankruptcy petition..

What about the insurance giant AIG?

The world's largest insurer, American International Group, has been downgraded by credit rating agencies and is racing against time to find a multi billion dollar infusion to stay afloat. US Federal Reserve officials and two leading banks, JPMorgan Chase and Goldman Sachs, were negotiating to put together $75 billion package to save the insurance giant to stave off crisis.

AIG has sought $40 billion in bridge loan to stave off the crisis. But the Fed rebuffed the request. AIG's ills came to fore, when three leading credit rating agencies - Standard and Poor's Moody's and Fitch - lowered the company's credit scores.

Who could be the next to fall?

Some Wall Street analysts, reports The Guardian, name Washington Mutual as the next financial major to 'find itself in serious trouble.'

However, the even bigger worry is whether the world's largest securities firms, Goldman Sachs and Morgan Stanley, would be able to survive this brutal financial crisis. But many say that these two gaints will not melt down as they have 'done a better job of spreading their bets across world markets and are also more diversified, less leveraged and have managed such risks much better.'

What do Indian markets fear?

The fall of two global financial behemoths -- Lehman Brothers and Merrill Lynch -- is expected to dent India Inc's ability to raise resources via the equity route.

Experts feel that such events significantly increase the risk perception, which in turn will put all future investments by institutional investors such as pension or endowment funds, on the back burner.

While the public issue market has already dried up, the private equity funds are also becoming conservative in terms of pricing. This is resulting in either inordinate delays in concluding deals or transactions being called off.

There are many instances of private equity fund managers refusing to go ahead with deals after signing the term sheet. Sources said that a leading fund conducted due diligence on two companies in the last fortnight but did not close either deal primarily because of the developments in the US, their home country.

The crisis faced by Merrill Lynch and Lehman Brothers is expected to have a cascading effect on PE firms too.



Will it hit the Indian growth story?

The ongoing financial sector crisis in the United States and its repercussions on developed markets worldwide will result in lower capital inflows into emerging markets like India, economists and government officials said today.

At the same time, they called for the government to make it easier for Indian companies to borrow overseas by easing the restrictions that have been imposed in the past to reduce excessive liquidity in the system and control inflation.

This will, in turn, lead to a slowing in investment growth in the months ahead. As lending gets tighter and investment flows dry, corporate India will find it more difficult to raise both equity and debt.



Technology firms are shivering

Lehman Brothers' bankruptcy filing may well prove to be the last straw for Indian IT firms, which were expecting the second half of FY09 to be better. As a result of the US financial market crisis, analysts do not expect Indian IT firms to sign any significant contracts in the banking, financial services and insurance (BFSI) space in the months to come.

While IT firms do not disclose client-specific details, it's estimated that Lehman Brothers has outsourced deals amounting to anywhere between Rs 550 crore and Rs 700 crore (annually) to numerous IT firms, including majors like Tata Consultancy Services, Satyam Computer Services and Wipro. Lehman Brothers, say sources, works with 14 services providers in India - Wipro and TCS being the largest. It also has investments in a few IT firms. It's not clear if these holdings will be liquidated to raise funds.

Moreover, the sources add that Lehman Brothers' unit in India has issued termination letters to a majority of its 2,500 employees.

What kind of investment does Lehman have in India?

Lehman does not have direct large holding in the Indian stock markets. These holdings are estimated at around $200 million, including Participatory Notes. This figure is not enough to cripple the Indian stock markets.

But Lehman has exposure to the Indian stock market through special purpose vehicles. This exposure to real estate stocks is said to be of about $1.5 billion, enough to shake up the markets.

Mushirabad Mosque

This mosque is situated in Mushirabad locality, north of Chikkadapally. Built by Abdullah Qutb Shah (1626-1672 AD) in a small village of the Qutb Shahi period, it has a façade of five arches with two lofty minarets.

21 advices

ONE. Give people more than they expect and do it cheerfully.


TWO. Marry a man/woman you love to talk to. As you get older, their conversational skills will be as important as any other.




THREE. Don't believe all you hear, spend all you have or sleep all you want.








FOUR. When you say, 'I love you,' mean it.






FIVE. When you say, 'I'm sorry,' look the person in the eye.






SIX. Be engaged at least six months before you get married.






SEVEN. Believe in love at first sight.






EIGHT. Never laugh at anyone's dreams. People who don't have dreams don't have much.








NINE. Love deeply and passionately. You might get hurt but it's the only way to live life completely.





TEN.. In disagreements, fight fairly. No name calling.






ELEVEN. Don't judge people by their relatives.




TWELVE. Talk slowly but think quickly.






THIRTEEN! . When someone asks you a question you don't want to answer, smile and ask, 'Why do you want to know?'






FOURTEEN. Remember that great love and great achievements involve great risk.






FIFTEEN. Say 'bless you' when you hear someone sneeze.






SIXTEEN. When you lose, don't lose the lesson.






SEVENTEEN. Remember the three R's: Respect for self; Respect for others; and Responsibility for all your actions.






EIGHTEEN. Don't let a little dispute injure a great friendship.






NINETEEN. When you realize you've made a mistake, take immediate steps to correct it.






TWENTY. Smile when picking up the phone. The caller will hear it in your voice.






TWENTY- ONE. Spend some time alone.

read this

1.0 You see a gorgeous girl at a party. You go up to her and
say: "I am very rich. Marry me!" – That's Direct Marketing...
2.0 You're at a party with a bunch of friends and see a
gorgeous girl. One of your friends goes up to her and pointing at you says:
"He's very rich. Marry him." – That's Advertising…
3.0 You see a gorgeous girl at a party. You go up to her and
get her telephone number. The next day, you call and say: "Hi, I'm very
rich. Marry me" – That's Telemarketing. ..
4.0 You're at a party and see gorgeous girl. You get up and
straighten your tie, you walk up to her and pour her a drink, you open the
door (of the car) and say "Marry Me?" - That's Public Relations...
5.0 You're at a party and see gorgeous girl. She walks up to
you and says: "You are very rich! Can you Marry ! Me?" – That's Brand
Recognition...
6.0 You see a gorgeous girl at a party. You go up to her and
say: "I am very rich. Marry me!" She gives you a nice hard slap on your
face.. – That's Customer Feedback...
7.0 You see a gorgeous girl at a party. You go up to her and
say: "I am very rich. Marry me!" And she introduces you to her husband. –
That's Demand And Supply Gap...
8.0 You see a gorgeous girl at a party. You go up to her and
before you say anything, another person come and tell her: "I'm rich. Will
you marry me?" and she goes with him – That's Competition Eating Into Your
Market Share…
9.0 You see a gorgeous girl at a party. You go up to her and
before you say: "I'm rich, Marry me!" your wife arrives. – That's
Restriction For Entering New Markets...

A Friend....

A Friend....
(A)ccepts you as you are
(B)elieves in "you"
(C)alls you just to say "HI"
(D)oesn't give up on you
(E)nvisions the whole of you (even the unfinished parts)
(F)orgives your mistakes
(G)ives unconditionally
(H)elps you
(I)nvites you over
(J)ust "be" with you
(K)eeps you close at heart
(L)oves you for who you are
(M)akes a difference in your life
(N)ever Judges
(O)ffers support
(P)icks you up
(Q)uiets your fears
(R)aises your spirits
(S)ays nice things about you
(T)ells you the truth when you need to hear it
(U)nderstands you
(V)alues you
(W)alks beside you
(X)-plains things you don't understand
(Y)ells when you won't listen and
(Z)aps you back to reality

"Amarajeevi" Potti Sreeramulu

Potti Sreeramulu (16 March 1901 -16 December 1952 and transliterated as Potti Sriramulu and Potti Sri ramulu) was an Indian revolutionary . He became famous for undertaking a fast-unto-death for achieving the state of Andhra and losing his life in the process. His sacrifice became instrumental in the linguistic re-organisation of states. He is revered as Amarajeevi (Immortal being) in Andhra Pradesh for his sacrifice. As a devout follower of Mahatma Gandhi, he worked life long to uphold principles such as truth and non-violence and objectives such as Harijan upliftment.

In June 2008, NELLORE District, now renamed as Sri Potti SriRamulu Nellore District

Turmeric --The Golden spice of life

Turmeric “the golden spice of life” is one of most essential spice used as an important ingredient in culinary all over the world. Turmeric is a tropical plant perennial herbs, curcuma domestically cultivated in India since ancient time. As early as 3000 B.C., the turmeric plants were cultivated by Harappan civilization. Turmeric belongs to ginger family Zingiberaceae. A yellow spice with a warm and mellow flavor, turmeric is related to ginger. Modern Indian cooking employs turmeric liberally. It is added to nearly every dish, be it meat or vegetables. Yellow rice is popular on the Eastern islands of Indonesia; it derives its colour from fresh or dried turmeric.
From many years awareness of turmeric and its use as medicine is continuouslyincreasing.
A flowering plant, Turmeric, in the ginger family, is commonly used as a food coloring and is one of the basic ingredients in curry powder. To heal many health disorders like liver problems, digestive disorders, treatment for skin diseases and wound healing turmeric has long been used in Medicinal as an anti-inflammatory. Curcumin is the active ingredient in turmeric which has been shown to have a wide range of therapeutic effects.

Hussain Sagar

Hussain Sagar also known as Tank Bund connects the twin cities of Hyderabad and Secunderabad. Built in the 16th century the lake was named to express the gratitude of Ibrahim Quli Qutub Shah to Hussain Shah wali who helped him to recover from illness. To lake is a favorite evening promenade. A famous monolith of Lord Buddha is installed at the center of the lake.

Success

" The successful person makes a habit of doing what the failing person doesn't like to do. "

Health - Very Very Important

Answer the phone by LEFT ear.

Do not drink coffee TWICE a day.

Do not take pills with COOL water.

Do not have HUGE meals after 5pm.

Reduce the amount of OILY food you consume.

Drink more WATER in the morning, less at night.

Keep your distance from hand phone CHARGERS.

Do not use headphones/earphone for LONG period of time.

Best sleeping time is from 10pm at night to 6am in the morning.

Do not lie down immediately after taking medicine before sleeping.

When battery is down to the LAST grid/bar, do not answer the phone as the radiation is 1000 times.

Forward this to those whom you CARE about!

Jamsetji Nusserwanji Tata was the Father of Industrial India

Jamsetji Nusserwanji Tata was born on March 3 1839, in a town called Navrasi in Gujarat. He went to Bombay at the age of fourteen. He graduated from Elphinstone College, Bombay in 1858.In 1868, at the age of 29, he started a private trading firm He was the first member of the family to try his hand in business by breaking the mould of entering into priesthood which was a family tradition. In 1871, he set up the ‘Central India Spinning, Weaving, and Manufacturing Company, Limited’. Being a true nationalist, he foresaw the significance of the Industrial Revolution for India.Therefore he concentrated on three key areas- the iron and steel industry, electrical power generation, and technical education. Steel is the mother of heavy industry, hydroelectric power is the cheapest energy that can be generated, and technical education combined with research is essential for industrial advancement. He believed that political independence would be meaningless without economic self-sufficiency.

In 1898 he wanted to establish a university of science. He offered his properties in constructing this huge venture. He expected that the business community and the government would offer help. After a lot of struggle government, gave the green signal to Dorabji Tata in 1905 agreeing to meet half the cost. The Indian Institute of Science opened in 1911 in Bangalore, many years after Jamsetji’s death. The whole field of industry, technology, and science came within his ambit.

Susruta- The Father of Plastic Surgery

Susruta mend a nose some 26 centuries ago. And what he did is not greatly different from what a plastic surgeon would do today. In fact,Susruta is today recognised as the father of plastic surgery all over the world. His treatise, Susrutasamhita, has considerable medical knowledge of relevance even today. It indicates that India was far ahead of the rest of the world in medical knowledge. Susruta was also an excellent teacher. He told his pupils that one could become a good physician only if one knew both theory and practice. He advised his pupils to use carcases and models for practice before surgery.